Goaded into “Fifty Years”

Recently one of my friends took to goading me to write something different to my “usual Iron-Age shit” as he called it and seeing as I have hit a bit of a block with regard to the overall plot of Three Spears that I am currently working on, I though I would try something different.  I remember, ages ago, reading As I Lay Dying, by William Faulkner and being amazed at the multiple points of view he had the various characters express.  There are only two characters in my story here  but I thought I would try the Point of View approach and write the same story from two different standpoints. So here goes with the first.

Fifty Years

Vedilla was the type of city you could spend half your life looking for, and the student felt particularly satisfied that he had managed to come across it so early in his life, especially at this period in early spring when the orange trees had lost last year’s fruit and tentatively give out the scent of their new blossoms. Just big enough to get lost in, he enjoyed his semi-aimless wanderings through the labyrinth of streets and the transition from sunny plaza to shadowy and narrow alleys where, if he stretched out both arms, his fingers would graze the crumbling pink and white plaster of the walls on either side.

He had come with the idea of teaching English, but now all thoughts of work had faded from his mind under the gentle mañana atmosphere of the town and only the idea of finding an apartment remained. It was while he was searching for a street in the old and tangled Jewish quarter and kept, instead, ending up in Calle De Fernando Nunez that he met Anita. At first he thought she was a native and in his hesitant Spanish he asked her for directions to a nearby street where he hoped to find an apartment he had been told about. Slightly annoyed that she answered in a soft American accent, he was soon glad of an opportunity to speak English again after what now seemed an interminable period of having only spoken in broken Spanish.

Having a glass of tinto together, she told him she was studying at the small university and, what, for him, was more important, the small apartment opposite hers would be available in two days time. Leaving to go to a lecture, she gave him her address and the name of the landlady, while he sat on, indolent and falsely secure, watching and smelling this foreign town.

He was still there, two and a half hours later, absorbed in watching two dogs playfully scuffle, when she returned and for the first time she registered on his mind as a girl. Small, dark haired and tanned, with a curious patch of pale scar tissue high on her left arm, she struck him, not as being especially attractive, but rather as the way all girls should be.

Sitting on, they talked of their studies; he had taken his degree in Medieval Literature last autumn while she had one more year to go in Medieval European. It became too dark for them to see one and other and when she left to go back to her apartment, he again remained on, absorbed in the calm warmth of the spring night.

Wakening up the next morning in his pension with a particularly vicious hangover from too much tinto, he remembered little of the previous night and it was not until he was checking his money that he found the piece of paper with her address written on it. Getting lost in the winding streets as usual and ending up in the ubiquitous Fernando Nunez, he took a taxi directly to her apartment. She seemed more physically attractive, this third time meeting her, when he found her sun bathing on the roof of the apartment building and for the first time he felt drawn to her, not as two foreigners in a strange town but as two people towards one and other.

The landlady was fat, complacent and annoyingly vague in her manner. Most surprisingly of all, she seemed to be singularly unimpressed by the offer of an immediate down payment of one week’s rent, which was all the cash the student had on him at the time. Instead there were nebulous excuses – maybe her sister was coming to stay next week and in that case she would need the apartment for her. Besides this, there was an attractive, retired colonel who had shown an interest in it. It was the utmost the student could do to refrain himself from throttling her by her fat, mottled neck. In the end, using Anita as a translator, he exerted a promise from her that she would give him definite news, one way or the other, in three days time.

The day passed in a pleasantly indolent fashion. He lay on the flat roof with Anita and talked laconically about what he had hoped to do here in Vedillia. In fact, it all seemed an absurd and pretentious pipe dream now that he heard himself, for the first time, speaking his proposed plans out loud. However nothing mattered now; he was in the sun in Vedillia, the winter was behind him, the trees were putting out their fragile orange blossoms, the wine and tobacco were ridiculously cheap with what he had been accustomed to pay, and he had a vast contentment as he lay beside a girl who attracted him, not just physically but mentally as well.

Naturally he stayed for lunch – a light mixed salad but more than sufficient – but it came as quite a shock when she told him about her boyfriend – he was touring France and Germany – and how worried she was because he hadn’t written to tell her where and how he was.

Of course he was stupid not to have imagined some such thing before, but after all, when he had met her, he had no designs of any kind about her and his plans had not included her in the least, except that she might prove an aid in the seemingly impossible task of getting an apartment.

Lying there in the sun, smoking, he felt, ridiculously so, he knew, slightly cheated and almost used to a certain extent. Exhaling a deep lungful of smoke, he finally managed to more or less dismiss it from his mind but he was unable to fully regain the contentment of mind he had had only a few moments before.

Later that afternoon, some of her friends, also Americans, called over and again he was surprised. Somehow, the idea of her having friends in this quiet, old town had never occurred to him. Perhaps it was because he was so alone and completely unattached himself that he had come to see everyone in terms of his own situation. Nevertheless, sitting there, the sinking sun flashing on the green copper dome of the cathedral and lighting up, now and then, a window in some house in distant barrios, he extracted a grim amusement from the searching questions thrown casually at, not only him but also Anita, as to what he was doing in Vedillia, how long he would be staying and when was Matt – Anita’s boyfriend – coming home? It was a relief when they left, pleasant as it was to talk to them. He remained on, unable to take any initiative action, content again to just lie there and idle his time away. It was only when Anita mentioned something about eating that he was able to break out of his indolence and suggest eating out.

It was amazing, once they began to talk, how many similarities there were between them. That night, over dinner of fried fish in a noisy little restaurant, they discovered they had studied similar subjects, they were both the youngest in their families – he was exactly fourteen months older to the day that she was born – they both liked the same authors and music while they disliked snails and huge cities like London and New York and people who smiled or laughed the whole time.

He had never known a night to have passed so pleasantly or quickly before and when she suggested, on her doorstep as he was saying goodnight, that he come up for a night cap, he readily agreed. On the way up the dark stairs, he had a vague dread that her boyfriend might have returned from his travels and be there, waiting for her. The apartment, however, was empty and chilly and they sat, huddled in cold, leatherette armchairs with rugs around their shoulders, sipping gin and tonics. They talked for hours, at times falling silent, enjoying each other’s presence.

Lighting a match for an imaginary cigarette, the student shrugged off the rug and stood up to go but it took him nearly another half hour to actually leave. If it hadn’t been for the mention of Matt, earlier on in the day, he felt sure he would have stayed the night as a natural growth to their fast blooming relationship. Now, however, he felt on shaky ground – not that he and his passion had changed but he was unable to gauge exactly how she felt about him and he was too embarrassed to ask. He lingered on in a clumsy fashion and it was only when she began to yawn – although still without saying anything – that he took an awkward leave.

Cursing himself, Matt and her, but most of all his own stupidity, the student took a taxi back to his pension – he hadn’t dared to walk in case he found himself face to face with Fernando Nunez again. In bed later that night, he decided to stay away from her until he had to go back to see about the apartment. Even then, he knew that he was just postponing the issue.

The next morning, for the first time since he had arrived in Vedillia, he was bored. Not in the mood for wandering around with no definite aim, he found it impossible to sit in the cafés and just watch the world pass by, as he had become accustomed to doing. Unlike the previous morning when he could not remember much of the night before, everything this time had stayed vivid and he could not forget her green eyes, her long sensitive fingers, and her way of talking. In desperation he bought a local paper and scanned the small adds looking for another apartment. The afternoon was spent hunting the addresses down but in the end he had to admit that he had seen nothing suitable.

The next day was similar only worse and he decided to get drunk. He was at the self-pitying stage when, in one of the numerous little bars in the old quarter of the town, he bumped into some of the Americans he had met at Anita’s apartment. They guardedly greeted him but became warmer when they realised that he was by himself. They discussed generalities, including the difficulties of renting an apartment until one girl mentioned how lucky Anita and Matt had been in finding theirs. The conversation lagged and then drifted on to personalities – as it always does among foreigners in a closed community – and he began to feel a complete outsider, not knowing any of the people mentioned. Noticing this, perhaps, the same girl started to talk to him about Anita and Matt, telling him, with a confidential smile, that they were the best of all and were devoted to each other. Shortly afterwards, making some excuse, he left and went to another bar and finished off his drinking bout alone. That night he slept badly and woke with a taste in his mouth.

At least today there would be some sort of development as he had an appointment with the landlady at 4:00pm. He made an effort not to call at Anita’s apartment first and, in a bad mood, he went to see the landlady. A child with a dirty face and a torn vest opened the door and stared, pop-eyed and uncomprehendingly, at him. He waited on the doorstep for ten minutes and when no one else came, he went around the corner to the bar, feeling like a fool. Three hours later, after repeatedly calling on the landlady and meeting only the idiot child, he finally gave in and went to her apartment. Hot and flushed, he explained the situation when she opened the door and listened sympathetically. Inviting him in, she gave him iced lemon tea and promised to call on the landlady with him after she had had a shower.

Left alone in the small sitting room, he wandered out to the flat roof and gazed morosely over the darkening town. He had never before felt so attracted to a person – and a place – before and the thought that he mightn’t be able to achieve either annoyed and depressed him. So engrossed was he in his thoughts that he didn’t hear the soft pad of her bare feet on the roof behind him and he jumped when she ran her hand through his hair. He turned and faced her and her green eyes glowed in the dark, bewitching him.

Stepping into a pair of sandals, she led him down the dark stairs to the street and over to the landlady’s house. This time the landlady herself answered the door, a squat, gross form, the dirty-faced child clinging to her black skirts. She seemed surprised to see him and broke into a torrent of Spanish, speaking quickly and excitedly. He stood wearily on the step, not bothering to make the effort to understand the words, knowing that the apartment was no longer available. Anita did all the talking but in the end the landlady shrugged her fat shoulders and shut the door in their faces, leaving the child, now whimpering, with them.

Wordlessly, they went around the corner to the bar and ordered tinto. She reached out and squeezed his hand and told him she was really sorry. Suddenly, it made no difference to him whether he had got the apartment or not. Recklessly he ordered champagne and they sat in a dark alcove – she had blown out the candle – sipping it and whispering. Forgetting the apartment, forgetting Matt, he leaned slowly over and kissed her gently, then again and then again, feeling her warmth soothing and comforting him.

Buying more champagne, they went, hand in hand, back to her apartment where she cooked him dinner. This time they sat on the couch together, sharing the one rug, eating, drinking and smiling at each other.

The next morning, she didn’t go to her lectures and they lay in bed, content with each other, not talking, except with their hands. They were eventually interrupted by a knock on the door. Again, it was her American friends calling with an invitation to a party that night. Embarrassed, he came out of the bedroom, tucking his shirt into his jeans, prepared to brazen out their stares and curiosity. Anita, except for a momentary blush, acted as if nothing untoward had happened and they all went out onto the flat roof to drink coffee. Trying to act casually towards her, he was almost shocked when she shoved her bare foot up the leg of his shorts, ignoring the others.

The party that night was a fiasco. He naturally had been invited as well, but only out of politeness. Throughout the night he got the impression that he was on display to as many people as possible who could later testify to his corrupting presence and to Anita’s infidelity when the absent Matt returned. Not knowing anyone and not wanting to at this stage, he stayed close to Anita, holding her hand. Leaving her for a moment to go to the bathroom, he returned to hear someone ask her whether her heart was in Germany or still here in Vedillia. Anita laughed and said something about it being wherever Matt was, wherever that was.

Later that night, in bed, they talked about it and she told him she really did love Matt but by nature she was also unfaithful. Hurt, he didn’t reply but a second later, propping her elbows on his chest, she kissed him and told him she didn’t mean it that way. Frankly he had dazzled her and eclipsed Matt but both of them must know that eclipses generally don’t last too long. Becoming excited and metaphorical he replied that although he might be just a station on her way, sometimes a station became a terminus. Smiling, she said she hoped he would but seeing as he had no job and no apartment, it seemed unlikely that he would be remaining much longer in Vedillia. Knowing that he would have to be content with that and realising for the first time not only his but also her position, he said that there was always hope and that maybe in fifty year’s time.

Waking early the next morning he found her already awake and watching him, her green eyes cloudy and opaque. Smiling good morning, she reached out her hand to play with his hair, her eyes clearing as if by magic. Almost content to lie there, he licked his finger and drew 50 on her bare, brown stomach and watched her eyes cloud over again. Regretting it immediately, he kissed her and she whispered, sooner than that, in his ear.

Going back to his pension to collet his bags and pay his bill, he realized with a sinking feeling that he had far less money that he thought he had had. Even going home overland, he could still only afford, at the most, another three days in Vedillia. Back in the apartment, lying on the sunny roof with Anita, his eyes shut, he told her that he would have to leave on Thursday. Expecting her to say something, he was hurt when there was no reply. She touched his arm and he opened his eyes and saw her pointing into the sky. Squinting into the sun, he saw the white vaporising of a jet being crossed by another going in the opposite direction. Although they felt no breeze on the sheltered rooftop, in less than two minutes the contrails had dispersed and vanished completely. Reaching for one another, they clung silently and in the quiet, their hearts beat loudly. He couldn’t help himself and whispered, fifty years, and heard her sob and was then surprised to hear himself sob as well.

Shouldering his backpack, he stood in the hall, not knowing what to say, as awkward as he had been that first night, which now seemed so long ago. Facing each other, neither of them spoke, saying goodbye for fifty years with their eyes and hands. In the almost heavy silence, they both heard a key turn in the lock of the hall door and Matt, tired, dirty and bearded, walked in. Frozen with shock – and fear – the student stood there while Anita hesitated between them and then turned towards Matt, who was standing bewildered. Almost in a dream, he walked through the open hall door, whispering, maybe in fifty years, but he could only hear the sound of Matt’s voice.

 

Feel free to leave a comment or a question and I will post the second “version” of the same story from Anita’s viewpoint later this week.  Thanks and Cheerio – S

 

 

 

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Celtic Gods

Ancient Celts did not believe in a monotheistic god but in a pantheon of nature. Gods protected the clan and gave strength in war while Goddesses protected the home and brought fertility. Gods also controlled the natural elements and had to be propitiated through offerings and sacrifices. Human and animal sacrifice were offered although the former was rare and only in times of great need.

Strength, Power and Fertility represented a special trinity of the Gods for the Irish Celts. Druids designated special places of worship to Gods and Goddesses adjacent to water and groves of trees, usually oak.

Among the gods were:

Brigit – Goddess of learning and fertility and healing powers, later adopted by the Irish branch of Christianity under the same name.

Lugh mac Ethnenn – One of the principal Celtic gods of the Tuatha Dé Danann; He was the divine father of Sétanta. He is god of the harvest, a sun god. Lugnasa was the festival held in his honour, halfway between the summer solstice and autumn equinox. In the Táin, he casts a spell on Deichtine after she swallows the mayfly and goes to Brúgh na Bóinne for the winter solstice where Sétanta is conceived.

The Morrígna – were the triple goddesses associated with and personified by, the frenzied havoc of war. They fought on the side of the mythical Tuatha De Danann against both the Fir Bolg and the Formorions. Using their magic, the three sisters / daughters would incite fear and confusion among one side or the other, causing many to fall, in fear, on their own weapons.

Badb—meaning “crow“— (scaldy crow) was one of a trio of war goddesses making up the Mórrígna. One of the “Great Queens” or war goddess, Badb often assumed the form of a screaming crow, causing fear and confusion among warriors in order to move the tide of battle to her favoured side.  Badb would also appear before a battle to foreshadow the extent of the carnage to come or to predict the death of certain warriors. Her wailing cries, similar to the cries of the later “bean-sídhe” (banshee) popular in Irish folklore was common among the dead on the battlefield.

Macha – Together with Badb and Nemain, she made up the trio of war/fertility goddesses, known as the Mórrígna in the Tuatha Dé Danann. In the Táin, she tries to seduce Sétanta but is rejected (it is not for a woman’s arse that I undertook this fight, he claimed) and she cursed him threefold; Sétanta wounded her threefold but she tricks him into curing her threefold. Daughter of Sainrith mac Imbaith, and consort to Crunniuc, son of Agnoman, she was the one to lay the original curse on the Ulaidh. Macha was often associated with horses – Sétanta was born at the same time as the colts, one of which was called the Grey of Macha or Liath Macha

Nemain – was the third war spirit of the trinity, and, in the Táin, attacks Medb’s army after they had already been harassed by Sétanta. She sometimes appears as a bean nighe, the weeping washer, by a river, washing the clothes or entrails of a doomed warrior.

Together with her sisters, they often appeared decorated with “mast” of acorn crops – a synonym for human heads harvested by the trio.

Non Sense

I mentioned some time ago in one of these blogs that I still had some of the writings and scribblings from my early days. I started to recently read a journal I had kept while I was living in Grevenbroich, a small town in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, in the mid seventies. I must have been pretty bored as this was an attempt on my part, sometime in April 1976, to write a nonsense “epic” – although it never got beyond these 17 lines.

I used a stanza from Part VI of Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner, as follows:

Like one, that on a lonesome road

Doth walk in fear and dread,

And having once turned round, walks on,

And turns no more his head;

Because he knows, a frightful fiend

Doth close behind him tread.

and substiituted words from a German dictionary picked out at random, provided they (more or less) fitted the stresses in the original verse.

Here goes the first stanza .

Bresche dach bis on schnuller schnock

rast quitt in torte and miltz,

for chroming duft heissed laub

nieds on, siet wieges solist dem stiltz

Regung pegels a mitlied mond

Drohne gang, bebot kuhl dritz.

 

The second stanza of eleven lines was also based on the metre of another poem – kudos to anyone who can identify the original upon which my “version” was based.

In Zyankaliden, tuch mitlied mond

a laufly kneten hell, dross ell

ran dalf, the ranzen skonto, drond

duft abrufs denkbar less to phfond,

eld to a fachless kell.

So Bresche fuss wehrs of emsig gruft

mit hilfs and judes, kern starkéd frag;

und, ulk ver wartens, schirm with bellious recks

goss haffered moty an orden, pecing lenk,

und bund dur egrebs, garbren as the secs

kostliching hafy alts of tivery.

And here’s the “translation”

Bresche goes out on a lonesome night

 great sword in hand and shield,

for searching through darkened lands

remains in his thoughts, as long as dealt

cards let a frightful fiend

serve death, because all yield.

In Zyankaliden, did the fearful fiend

a lonely castle hold, where all

that pass, the wretched fief men groan

through hard toil, more or less, to them

came a joyless fall.

So Bresche comes out of his bright land

with arms and nerves, dresséd proper;

and, prepared by his strength, with courageous skills

for he hoped many an honour, winning fame

and many fine prizes, just like the heroes

following many deeds of bravery.

I think the reason I never continued with the “epic” was that, despite having just finished a BA in Old & Middle English, Language and Literature, I couldn’t, for the life of me, remember any other poetry upon which to base my nonsense.

So much for my attempt to join the ranks of the nonsense poets of Edward Lear, Mervin Peake and Lewis Carroll!

 

 

Eclectic?

I think I have always used the word eclectic (deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources, according to the dictionary) about myself.

Certainly, looking back over a lifetime of CV’s and resumes, it seems to have been a word I frequently used to describe myself or my approach to particular tasks.

I don’t even know if it is true or not. Maybe I just used that word because it sounded rather grand and is a bit hard to disprove.

Anyway, the reason I mention it is I’ve looked at the books I’ve read recently and I suppose eclectic would sum it up

Spring Muslin by Georgette Heyer – undoubtedly the queen of the “regency” style novels, this was certainly not the bodice ripper I remember my sisters reading back in the sixties, far more “refayned” – it might have been the Angelique series by Sergeanne Colon that I was thinking of, but what a delightful read. Superbly well written and such a frivolous story – the equivalent of several glasses of champagne.

The Company of Strangers by Robert Wilson – a fairly serious espionage thriller, in the cold style of John Le Carré, spanning more than half a century. Set in wartime Germany, and neutral Portugal, Cold war Germany and back in peaceful Britain, a substantial read with perhaps just a little too much emphasis on the street names and localities of Lisbon and its environs.

First Response by Stephen Leather – an edge of the seat ride but a little too … I don’t know but I remember the first Tom Clancy novel I read and it was just a series of repetions whereby Enemy X deployed half a dozen tanks and the Good Guys countered with a dozen tanks and the bad guys came back with a supersonic aerial attack only to be repulsed by other super dooper planes and so on. I’m not saying that First Response was like that, well maybe I am but it all seemed a bit clinical and auto pilot.

Fin Gall by James Nelson all about Vikings raiding Ireland and coming across the mythical Three Crowns of destiny, Quite well written and especially the details with regard to sailing but somehow lacking in substance.

Medieval Memories by Manuel Werner – an excellent premise, a survivor of the battle of Poitiers in the 100 Years war is discovered alive and brings his singular fighting skills to the modern world of big business. A great idea but, to my mind, badly written and sloppily edited and I would have liked more medieval details about the battle of Poitiers.

Sentence of Marriage by Shayne Parkinson – a depressing portrayal of life in a small New Zealand farming community in the 1870’s or so where a dreary, drippy little goody good-shoes is taken advantage of by a smooth talker.

So, two thrillers, two romances, two historical fictions – maybe not as much variety as I had thought.

First of all, I am a bit surprised at how few books I’ve actually read in the last few months but I suppose that is a by product of having thrown myself into my blog which, to be honest, takes up quite a bit more time that I had initially envisaged.

Anyway, the other reason why I seem to be reading so few novels is that I, in fact, am reading a huge amount of stuff on-line as I research for my next novel.

Initially, it was just going to be a fairly short “novella” – Three Spears – detailing the death of Sétanta, aka Cu Chulainn, sometime after the Táin had completed. But then I started to dig a bit deeper and read more translations from the collection of MS collectively known as the Ulster Cycle and I began to get a bit bogged down, so much so that I had to give myself a deadline of the end of May to finish researching and reading about the incident known as “Bricriu’s Feast” or “Fled Bricrend”.

Anyway, I made my deadline, ending up with more than 10,000 words in notes alone and gave myself another month to collect and read the original sources (in translation) for the next episode and it was only yesterday that I conceived of a way to make isolated incidents revolving around Sétanta’s life story become more real but more of that later.

To go back to books, it is the first of June today, let’s see what kind of reading I come up with this month.

Today is also the first day of winter and it looks absolutely gorgeous.  A high, clear deep blue sky and it’s time to go out for a cycle.

 

 

Travel and Transport

Transport options were fairly limited in Iron Age Ireland. There were no paved roads although at its simplest, trackways of single planks laid end to end across boggy surfaces would have been used by single pedestrians. A more stable surface would consist of tightly packed bundles of hazel or birch twigs laid in thick layers across boggy and marshy land. More elaborate were “hurdle” trackways which consisted of woven panels of brushwood placed end to end, over which logs and crude planks were laid sideways.

Excavation in a peat bog in 1994 uncovered the Corlea trackway, the largest trackway of its kind to be uncovered in Europe, extending as it did for more than a kilometre in a NW – SE direction before turning to a SW direction for a further kilometre.

Near the village of Keenagh in County Longford, Ireland, the trackway dates from approx. 148 BCE and consists of packed hazel, birch and oak planks placed lengthways. The upper surface of the

IMG_0373
Photo taken ar Corlea Visitor Centre by author.

trackway was up to four metres in width with planks laid side by side on top of parallel beams and must have been used for wheeled transport.

Hundreds of oak trees would have been felled, trimmed and then labouriously split by pounding in wooden wedges along the natural grain of the wood until the trunk split into two halves, each half being then further split into crude planks. Such a major construction project of the time would have involved hundreds of people and, unlike other bog trackways or “toghers” catering to the needs of local farmers moving animals and goods across country, may have been part of a larger communication

network.

IMG_0374

IMG_0376
Photo taken at Corlea visitor Centre by author

Overland journeys were made on foot or on horseback or in heavy 4-wheeled wagons, pulled by oxen.

Despite my inclusion of chariots in my novel, Raiding Cúailnge, no archeological evidence has been found to support the use of chariots inIron Age, Celtic ireland although chariot use was widespread among European Celts.

Light, fast two-wheeled chariots were often decorated with bronze and enamel fittings and were pulled by two horses yoked together and controlled by up to five terret rings through which the reins passed, setting the angle at which the charioteer could pull on the reins.

Chariots were usually open, front and back, with double hooped sides of woven wicker, joined to a flat, springy base of interwoven rawhide strips. The base, upon which the warrior would stand, was suspended within the frame of the body, thus providing a very rough form of suspension, similar to the stage coaches used so much later in the Wild West of the USA.

Wheels had twelve wooden spokes on a fixed axel. The outer part of the wheel was the rim and the wheel itself was fashioned either by using an ash sapling which was bent and shaped until it required the requisite shape or made with six felloes. A felloe was an arc cut from a board of timber with each one abutting its neighbour. Iron was forged into a hoop and put on the wheel while still hot and as it cooled, it contracted and tied all components of the wheel together.

Coracles, small circular boats, designed for rivers and lakes, were made of cow leather stretched over a latticed wooden frame and were powered and steered by a single oarsman standing erect leaving room for one or two people only. Larger, sea-going boats had removable oars and a mast for the sail.

 

Genres and Writing

cropped-bookcase.jpgI mentioned somewhere previously that I had started “work’ on my next novel. After all, you can’t really call yourself an author unless you have about half a dozen trilogies to your name so … anyway I began. Scribbling away in my new notepad as well as in MS Word – actually I like a notebook and pen. Oh don’t let me go down that path the endless discussion between writing with paper and pen as opposed to on a keyboard. People come to blows over things like that, I understand. Anyway, I will just say let me get on with my vapid scribblings on my hand-scuffed vellum, bleached ox-hide covered notebook. Anyway the point is that I was going through notes and points of views and characters and settings – and all the various possibilities of beginning a novel or a story (there are apparently something like 10,000,000,00, 000 moving possibilities within the first ten moves in a chess game. Actually, there are one hundred and sixty-nine million, five hundred and eighteen thousand, eight hundred and twenty-nine followed by twenty-one ciphers and no, I haven’t counted them myself. In fact I don’t even know how to play chess – Oh, Gawd, another learning curve?).

Anyway, I am discovering it is the same with a book beginning. I can start anywhere I like and in whatever genre suits my purpose. Reading the translations of the early Irish documents from the 8th century and is preserved in The Book of the Dun Cow (c. 1100) I found myself bursting out laughing at various points at the machinations of the characters and the tongue in cheek descriptions given by some unknown clerics back centuries ago. Maybe I’ll make a new genre, or at least add to the corpus of humour historical. I bow down to the past master – The Flashman creator, what a ripper. I love him, but I am not attempting to make my characters in any way the same as Harry Flashman but …

Anyway, the point is – a new genre – Historical Humour / Humorous Hisorica?

Do I have it in me to be a funny man?

 

Bards, Druids and Knowledge

cropped-img_0322_edited1.jpgIn a society which valued oral traditions over the written word, story-tellers or a seanachi and bards played a vital role in linking disparate groups and providing a common identity through shared stories and histories. A bard learned all the different types of poetry and memorized hundreds of songs, poems and legends. They also learned how to play instruments and to read and write although music and poetry was never written down. A bard was the first step taken towards becoming a druid which could take up to twenty years learning by heart the verses and stories. Such sacred knowledge was considered too important to be written down, hence the current lack of information as to the exact role that druids played.

Druid meant “Knowledge of the Oak” which, along with Mistletoe, was considered sacred. Special groves of oak trees provided sanctified, sacrificial area for rites central to the Celtic way of life. What those rites were is impossible to know, given that nothing was ever written down. I imagine druids performed sacrifices and rituals which might actually match the self same rituals we often undergo in our lifetimes – births, deaths, anniversaries, celebration of the seasons and so on. Whether they had a more sinister side as in human sacrifice, I suppose it is possible but certainly not the norm.

Mistletoe was believed to have magical powers and, when growing on an oak tree, must only be cut with a golden sickle.

Druids believed some days were luckier than others and would confer powerful totems of strength, fertility and power, as represented by wild boars, elks and wolves, on warriors.

What medical knowledge current within the Roman Empire would also have been known in Iron Age Ireland. Medical practices such as using maggots to eat wounded and diseased flesh would have been commonplace while boiling willow branches to make a bitter tisane containing some of the pain killing properties of modern day aspirin would be well known. Spider webs and certain types of mosses were packed into and over wounds and apparently acted in some sort of anti-biotic way while valuable and imported Cedar oil was used by the druids to preserve human heads.

 

Times and Seasons

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I should have posted this about a week ago as the time was germane to the topic but here goes now anyway.

The Iron Age Celts counted time in terms of nights rather than days and the passing of moons rather than months while the celebration of Féis, or festivals, at regular intervals marked the passing of the years.

The most commonly observed féis included:

Bealtaine (May 1) which was observed by lighting bonfires, the smoke of which had purifying powers and was used to kill pests on cattle. I think it might also have been an early harvest time but i couldn’t swear to it.

Next up was Lugnasa aka Lughnasadh and Lughnasa. (Aug. 1) which was the festival marking the beginning of the harvest season. Originally it was held on or about halfway between the summer solstice and autumn equinox. The festival itself is named after the god Lugh. It involved great gatherings that included druidic ceremonies, ritual athletic contests (most notably the Tailteann Games, Áenach Tailten which were held at Tailtin in County Meath), feasting, matchmaking and trading while community rites included an offering of the first of the grain crops, a feast of the new food and of bilberries, the sacrifice of a bull and a ritual dance-play. Much of this would have taken place on top of hills and mountains.

Samhain (Nov. 1) was the start of the Celtic year and was, again, a time for sacrifices and community gatherings. Rememberance of spirits of the dead was a prominent feature while the festival also marked the end of the harvest season and the beginning of winter or the “darker half” of the year, the time when cattle were brought back down from the summer pastures and when livestock were slaughtered for the winter. As at Bealtaine, special bonfires were lit. These were deemed to have protective and cleansing powers.

Finally, Imbolc (Feb. 1) marked the beginning of spring and fertility, renewal and purification and the yearly cycle continued its round.

Interestingly, in the fifth Century when St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, rather than trying to stamp out these “pagan” festivals, the early church commandeered them – Samhain becoming All Souls Day and Easter taking over Bealtaine. St. Paddy himself used the sun symbol of the god Lugh superimposed on the Christian cross to make what is widely known now as the “celtic cross”.

A follow -up to “A Rod for my Own Back”

cropped-bookcase.jpgI think I mentioned some time before that I really needed to be goaded, cajoled and pushed into doing things because my natural indolence often pre-empts unilateral action on my part.

Anyway, even though I was slaving away on my book –Raiding Cúailnge – for years, I had neither a title not any real idea of getting it published. And then a friend of mine – we had been friends since we were seven years old when I broke my collar bone sliding in my school socks down his linoleum covered hallway – contacted me from Nantes, where he had been living for the last twenty years or so, to announce, out of the blue, that his book was being published. It was like a bucket of icy water thrown in my face. The cheek of him – to write – and publish a book before I had gotten around to doing one. Anyway, the immediate result was that it galvanised me into action and within a short space of time – well, probably two years, I had chosen a title and finished off my rambling novel based on old Irish manuscripts about Ireland’s legendary hereo, Cú Chulainn.

Anyway, Michael – although for some reason I always refer to him as Mick – asked me to write a review of it on Amazon and I scribbled something like “if your friends are loud and boozy, this is the book to give them if you like a mix of Pink Panther style crime and mystery” or something like that.

So, his book – initially a real paper and cover book but now also available as an E-Book – is called The Full Stop Artist by Michael O’Reilly Kennedy and is available on Amazon.

A different style to mine I’d have to admit – I’m more of the plodding historical kind while if you were a fly on the wall during one of the weird dinner parties with which The Full Stop Artist is punctuated, then you would end up as a drunken – and probably – squashed smear.

Iron Age Trade

cropped-img_0322_edited1.jpgIt is easy to assume that groups of people – tribes, clans and so on – were isolated in the Iron Age. In fact, the opposite was true – trade routes were well established connecting Ireland, Britain and continental Europe. Rome was the only game in town, spreading across North Africa, Mauretania, Cyrenaica, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Parthia, Scythia, Sarmatia, Germania, Gaul and Hispania. There was no Internet, not even a Telex or a news agency but there was the empire and its administrators, its quantity surveyors and its salesmen, purveying its values and influencing its colonies and satellites.

There was a common understanding – and appreciation – of the value of things. “Why do you, with all these grand possessions, still covet our poor huts?” was an apparent lament of the oul’ Brits when Caesar arrived in 55 BCE or something like that. I take that to mean that the Brits had some understanding of what the empire stood for and had prominent citizens and traders visiting huge cites which dwarfed their own, possibly, more humble dwellings. Big fish in small ponds suddenly made aware – but so far ignored – that there were bigger fish in larger ponds.

Anyway, inevitably, people traveled, spreading news, ideas and culture and bringing with them desirable trade items – spices, scents, slaves, ivory from North Africa used for armor (see the account of Ferdia’s armor in The Táin) while the far flung western isle had, at least, both wolf hounds and gold.

Extensive trade was long established with Gaulish Europe along settled sea routes while movement between the east coast of Ireland and what is now Scotland, Wales and England was common. Contact was probably less frequent with Greece, Scythia, Parthia, but shared knowledge – pottery, smelting – could never be unlearned while commodities like copper, tin, enamel, tortoiseshell, Tyrian purple dye from Murex glands, Falernian wine and slaves were common – but expensive – items.